1. Principles and characteristics of energy storage technology

The energy storage device composed of energy storage components and the power grid connection device composed of power electronic devices become the two major parts of the energy storage system. Energy storage devices mainly achieve energy storage, release, or rapid power exchange. The power grid access device achieves bidirectional energy transfer and conversion between the energy storage device and the power grid, achieving functions such as peak shaving, energy optimization, improving power supply reliability, and power system stability.

The capacity range of energy storage systems is relatively wide, ranging from tens of kilowatts to hundreds of megawatts; The discharge time span is large, ranging from millisecond level to hour level; Wide application range, running through the entire power generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption system; The research and application of large-scale power energy storage technology is just beginning, which is a new topic and a hot research field both domestically and internationally.

https://greenwayalu.com/cold_forging_series/ 2. Common energy storage methods

At present, energy storage technologies mainly include physical energy storage (such as pumped storage, compressed air energy storage, flywheel energy storage, etc.), chemical energy storage (such as various batteries, renewable fuel cells, flow batteries, supercapacitors, etc.), and electromagnetic energy storage (such as superconducting electromagnetic energy storage, etc.).

1) The most mature and widely used physical energy storage is pumped storage, which is mainly used for peak shaving, valley filling, frequency regulation, phase modulation, emergency backup, etc. in power systems. The release time of pumped storage energy can range from a few hours to a few days, and its energy conversion efficiency is between 70% and 85%. The construction period of pumped storage power stations is long and limited by terrain. When the power station is far from the power consumption area, the transmission loss is relatively large. Compressed air energy storage was applied as early as 1978, but due to terrain and geological conditions, it was not widely promoted. Flywheel energy storage utilizes an electric motor to drive the flywheel to rotate at high speed, converting electrical energy into mechanical energy for storage. When needed, the flywheel drives the generator to generate electricity. The characteristics of flywheel energy storage are long service life, pollution-free, and low maintenance, but the energy density is low, which can be used as a supplement to the battery system.