The battery is the core part of the battery energy storage system. It is a device that converts Chemical energy into electrical energy. It consists of positive pole, negative pole, electrolyte and diaphragm. There are many kinds of batteries, including lead-acid batteries, Nickel–metal hydride battery, lithium ion batteries, etc. Among them, lithium-ion batteries have become the most commonly used battery type in current battery energy storage systems due to their advantages such as high energy density, long lifespan, and environmental protection.

PCS

PCS is the core equipment in a battery energy storage system, which is a device that converts the electrical energy stored by the battery into AC electrical energy for supply to the power grid or users. PCS mainly consists of inverters, transformers, controllers, etc. Its main function is to convert DC electrical energy into AC electrical energy, control the input and output of electrical energy, and ensure the safety and stability of the system. The performance of PCS directly affects the operational efficiency and service life of battery energy storage systems.

BMS

BMS is the abbreviation of Battery management system and an important part of battery energy storage system. BMS is mainly composed of monitoring module, control module, communication module, and other components. Its main function is to monitor and control the status of the battery in real-time, including parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, SOC, etc. At the same time, BMS can also protect and control the battery, such as overcharging, discharging, overcurrent, etc., to ensure the safety and lifespan of the battery.

In summary, batteries, PCS, and BMS are the three basic components of battery energy storage systems. The battery, as the core component, is responsible for storing energy; PCS converts the electrical energy stored in the battery into AC electrical energy; BMS monitors and protects the battery in real-time to ensure its safety and lifespan. In the design and operation of battery energy storage systems, the coordination and cooperation of the three is crucial, only in this way can the efficient, stable, and safe operation of the battery energy storage system be achieved.