Lithium battery is a kind of rechargeable battery, which mainly relies on the lithium ion to and from the anode and cathode to embed and de embed, so as to achieve energy storage and release.

1. Charging process

Driven by the electric field, lithium ions are separated from the positive electrode lattice, passed through the electrolyte, and embedded into the negative electrode lattice.

If the voltage is lower than 3V, pre charging shall be carried out first. The charging current is 1/10 of the set current. After the voltage rises to 3V, the standard charging process will start. The standard charging process is: charge with constant current at the set current. When the battery voltage rises to 4.20V, charge with constant voltage and keep the charging voltage at 4.20V. At this time, the charging current gradually drops. When the current drops to 1/10 of the set charging current, the charging ends. This is a process of general lithium battery charging. If the lithium battery exists in the intelligent device, its charging mode will be controlled by the intelligent device software.

2. Discharge process

The discharge process is just the opposite of the charging process. The lithium ion returns to the positive pole under the action of the electric field, and the electrons reach the positive pole through the external circuit to compound with the lithium ion. When the battery is discharged, the electron e on the negative pole runs from the external circuit to the positive pole, and the positive lithium ion Li+"jumps" into the electrolyte from the negative pole, "crawls" through the winding holes in the diaphragm, "swims" to the positive pole, and is combined with the electrons that have already run over.

By understanding the charging and discharging process of lithium battery, we can understand from a microscopic perspective that the capacity of the battery is actually the amount of charge contained in the battery. The greater the current, the faster the discharge speed, and the shorter the battery life.