The charging and discharging mechanism of lithium ion battery is completely different from that of lead acid battery, nickel cadmium battery and nickel hydrogen battery. The last three kinds of commonly used batteries generate electrochemical reactions through electrodes to convert other compounds to store electric energy. The lithium ion battery stores and releases lithium ion through the active material coated on the electrode, that is, through the insertion and removal of lithium ion on the active material of the electrode, it stores electric energy through the so-called insertion and removal phenomenon.

In recent years, research institutions have discovered many kinds of electrode active materials, solid electrolytes and polymer membranes that can store (i.e. embed) and release (i.e. detach) ions. In addition, people have made in-depth research on these newly discovered substances, and on this basis, they have innovated the structure of the battery. Therefore, the performance of the ion battery has been improved rapidly.

Japanese, American and German scholars generally predict that by 2015 and 2030, the manufacturing cost of the plug-in ion battery will be reduced to 1/7 and 1/40 of the current price. At present, many foreign scientific research institutions are stepping up the research on the technical practicality of this battery pack, and some are waiting for industrialization. In other words, it is expected that from the middle of this century, the performance, structure and manufacturing cost of the plug-in ion battery pack will certainly meet people's expectations for high-voltage and high-capacity ion battery packs, so that BEV and pHV can truly compete with M1 gasoline engine passenger cars that have adopted various advanced technologies and are still making progress in terms of performance and price, and can be mass produced according to market rules (not funded by government or private institutions), So as to reduce the emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases from cars, change the food structure of cars, and greatly reduce the cost of driving energy consumption.

It has been found that many inorganic solid electrolytes which can be used in the intercalation reaction have very high conductivity, and are very suitable for manufacturing high voltage and high energy density batteries that can be quickly recharged.

The Plan for the Adjustment and Revitalization of the Automobile Industry proposes that China will produce 500000 electric vehicles of all kinds in the next three years. To complete this task, the output of the ion storage battery must be reached first. However, does China have the R&D and production planning for such advanced batteries? To produce iron battery with liquid electrolyte? Or is it a stacked solid electrolyte lithium ion battery? can make nothing of it. The Japanese and German automotive industries have locked the power source of future electric vehicles in the laminated solid electrolyte lithium ion batteries. However, even the diaphragm materials required for liquid electrolyte lithium ion batteries can not be produced by domestic lithium ion battery manufacturers. They all rely on imports, which is expensive, accounting for more than 30% of the cost of power lithium batteries! In recent years, international power lithium battery manufacturers and multinational automobile companies have generally formed various joint ventures to jointly develop the power lithium battery technology for electric vehicles, but there are few such cases in China. It is not difficult to judge whether the annual output of 500000 electric vehicles built on this basis is independent or dependent.

In recent years, a large number of excellent positive and negative active materials for lithium ion batteries or non lithium batteries have been found. The research, development, promotion and use of the new generation of vehicle power battery pack are crucial, and will also promote the rapid development of various electric vehicles. For example, foreign relevant institutions recently found that when lithium sulfide conductor becomes a crystal material, it has both high lithium ion conductivity and wide electrochemical window. Therefore, it is likely to become the electrolyte (solid electrolyte) of solid batteries. In addition, the discovery of glassy lithium ion solid electrolyte, non integral compound and other active materials as cathode and anode candidates for lithium ion batteries has also attracted attention in the industry.